Process of producing composite bars.



- P. E. GANDA. PROCESS OF PRODUCING COMPOSITE BABS. APPLICATION FILEDFEB. 18, 1907.

1., 1 07,755. Patented Aug. 18, 1914,

JICMUL B-JYC EGWU ATTORNEW.

ITED STATES PATENT ornron.

FERDINAND E. CANDA, on NEW YORK, N. Y.', ASSIGNOR TO CHROME STEEL WORKS,or

. CHROME, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION on NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING COMPOSITE BARS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 18, 1914.

Application filed February 18, 1907. Serial No. 357,853.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FERDINAND E. CANDA, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes ofProducing Composite Bars; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull,

clean and exact description of the same, such as will enable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to processes of producing composite bars,particularly jail bars and the like, and consists in a method ofn'laking composite jail bars and like articles comprising a body ofrelatively soft metal haying interspersed therethrough a plurality ofcores of harder metal, and specifi= cally, in a method of making suchcomposite jail bars or like articles having projecting ribs on theirsides into which ribs certain of said hard cores extend.

In jail bars it is desirable to have a body of tough and flexiblecharacter (which of course, means a relatively soft steel or likemetal), containing a plurality of cores or bars of harder metal sointerspersed through the mass of softer metal as to prevent sawing orboring of the bar; the soft buttough metal constituting' the body of thebar, preventing breaking of the bar even when the same is bent cold andpermitting the bar to be shaped when either hot or cold. Such a compoundbar I have described and claimed in my application Sr. No. 314,032. Inthe case of certain types of jail bars, and of bars for other purposes,it is desirable to have on the surfaces of such bars longitudinal ribs;and in such cases it is desirable that the hard cores or cast-in barsbefore referred to, shall extend up into such ribs so as to preventsawing off or sawing through the ribs themselves. In the casting of thecomposite ingots for these bars trouble has sometimes been experiencedin the case of large ingots, owing to piping, which is greatly increasedover what is commonly experienced in steel casting, by the presence ofthe relatively cold hard steel bars. It is necessary to obviate thispiping as when rolling a bar with considerable piping within it therelativepositions of the inserted hard metal bars may be changed materally. My present inof the bar itself.

vention comprises a method of reducing or preventing this piping.

Ihave discovered that if a plurality of bars of hard metal be arrangedin an ingot mold and soft steel or other soft metal east thereabout soas to forman ingot, the ingot so formed may thereafter be rolled down inthe ordinary manner and the castin bars "will nevertheless retainsubstantially their original relative positions and substantially theiroriginal proportions with respect to the proportions of the baritself;and in the case of the production of a ribbed bar, I have found that ifin theoriginal ingot hard steel bars be cast in edgewise in positionscorresponding to the positions of the ribs in the completed bar, and ifthe bar be rolled down in the manner hereinafter described, theseedgwise cast-in hard steel cores may be drawn up into the ribs formed inthe rolling so that it is as impossible or difiicult to saw or borethrough the ribs as through the body Such ribs will be surrounded andsupported by the softer metal, making it difiicult to break them loose.I have further found that piping in large ingots such as referred to'above, may be prevented by placing in themold in a positioncorresponding to'that at which piping would ing such bar to be cast intothe ingot formed In the accompanying drawings I illustrate the varioussteps in the production of the jail bars such as hereinreferred to.

In said drawings: Figure-1 shows a vertical longitudinal section of amold with hard metal bars therein, said mold being prepared for thepouring of the softer and tougher metal therein. Fig. 2 shows atransverse section through such a. mold. Fig. 3 is shows on a largerscale than the preceding figures, a transverse section of a ribbed jailotherwise occur, a bar of soft metal and causbar constructed as hereindescribed; and

Fig. 8 shows a detail elevation of reducing rolls, and illustrates theformation of the ribs thereby. i.

In said'drawings, 1 designates the flask of the mold, 2 the green sandbody ,of the mold, 3. 3 dry sand cores in the mold, one of themcontaining the runner 4, said cores supporting the inserted hard metalbars 5.

The mold having been prepared, the cores inserted and the bars 5placed-withinsaid cores, the mold is poured in the ordinary manner, thesofter metal, usually low carbon steel, rising up around the insertedrods or cores 5 and completely surrounding the same and welding thereto.IIl'tlllS way ingots of any of the sections shown in Figs. 4, 5 and 6may be produced. In Figs. 5 and 6, 6 designates the tough metal body ofthe ingot and .7, 7 and 8, 8 cast-in cores or .bars 0 harder metal,siich as were originally the bars 5 inserted into the mold. For preventing piping of the ingot I place within the mold a center rod of softmetal which in the final ingot produces the soft metal cast-in bar 9indicated in Fi s. 3, 5, 6 and 7 When a is desired j bars or the like,into the ribs ofwhich hard met-a1 cores are to be drawn, the bars whichare to be so drawn u into the ribs are of rectangular or other e ongatedcross section,

and are placed edgewise or radially, so as an -6 for example in whichnumerals 8 designate bars which were so placed edgewise in the mold andare still arran ed edgewise in the cast ingot. In reducing Y theseingots'to final form they are rolled in the ordinary manner except thatthey are rolled only from thesides which these cores 8 face, and fromthe sides at right angles thereto. I commonly start with bars ofoctagonal section, though this is not essential,

and work from that section to as uare section and then'to an oval andfina ly to the round ribbed section, the. final pass being between rollshaving circular grooves 10 (Fig. 8) at the bases of which areothergrooves 11 corresponding to the .ribs to be formed. Care is taken inthis final pass that the hard metal cores 8 are presented exactly inregistry with these ribbed grooves 11. .The result is that in the finalbar these hard steel cores. As the met-a1 cools during.

rolling the hard steel cores become of the same hardness as the softsteel'body, and finally become of greater hardness; and it is doubtlessowing to this fact. that it is possible in the final pass for formingthe to form ribbed jail roduce ingots such as shown in Figs. 5

ribs 12, to draw the edgewise cores 8 up into these ribs, as shown inFig. 7.

The soft metal center bars 9 doubtless prevent piping by chilling themolten metal in immediate contact with them and at the same time weldingthereto, thus causing solidification to start from the inside as well aas from the outside, and providing a. body of relatively'strong metal toresist the disruptive stresses within the body of the ingot due tosolidification at the outside. The rolling takes out whatever internalstresses there may be in the metal due to solidification both from theoutside and from the center.

What I claim .is:-

' 1. The process ofproducing composite bars which consists in placing.hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in .a mold,

ouring softer metal around said bars, 'rolling the resulting ingot toapproximate final dimensions while preserving symmetrical form, andfinally rollingat a lower temper-- ature into ribbed form, withcertainof, said harder metal bars 0 posite thelpositions for said ribs,and there y drawing such harder metal bars into the ribs so formed.

2.. The process of producing composite ribbed bars which consists inplacing hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in a mold-,pouring softmetal around said bars,

rolling-the resulting ingotat a comparas I tively high temperatureand-thereby producing symmetrical reduction of the joined metals, andsubsequentlylcompleting thereduction at a lower temperature, the barbeing, rolled with certain of said included hard "metal bars oppositerib-forming grooves of such rolls, and by the rib-formmg action of suchgrooved rolls drawing such hardmetal bars up into the ribs thus Aformed.- I I 3. The process of producing composite ribbed bars whichconsists in placing hard metal bars in a spaced arrangement in a mold,certain of said bars which are to be included in the ribs when formed,being of elongated section and being placed with their edges towardtheside of the mold, pouring soft metal around said bars, and rollingthe resulting ingot in a'plurality of passes, the last pass beingbetween grooved rib-forming rolls, with the edgewise included hard metalbars opposite the positions for the ribs, whereby such hard metal barsare drawn up into the ribs so formed.

4. The process of producing composite I ribbed bars which consists inplacing hard metal barsin a spaced arrangement in a mold, certain ofsaid bars which are to be included in the ribs when formed, being ofeldngated section and being placed with their edges toward the side ofthe mold, pouring soft metal around said bars, and

rolling the resulting ingot in a plurality of passes on the sidesnearest such edgewise turned bars, and on the sides at right anglesthereto, the final pass being between grooved rib-forming rolls, withthe edgewis'e included hard metal bars opposite the positions for theribs, whereby such hard metal bars are drawn up into the ribs so formed.

5. The herein. described process of producing composite jail bars andthe like, which consists in placing in a suitable mold in spacedarrangement a series of cores of hard metal, said cores relativelyarranged in the outline of a closed figure inclosing acentral space,pouring molten softer metal into said mold and about said bars andwithin the space inclosed thereby, and finally working down the ingot soformed.

6. The herein described process of producing composite jail bars and thelike, which consists in placing in a suitable mold a series of cores ofhard metal in a s aced arrangement in the form of a closed figureinclosing a central space, and further placing in the mold a soft metalbar in a position -approximating the center of the ingot to be formed,pourin softer metal into said mold and about sai bars, and finallyworking down the ingot so formed.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature, in the presence of twowitnesses.

FERDINAND E. CANDA. Witnesses:

ALPHoNsE KLoH, H. M. MARBLE.

